Dictionary

 Our 2650 Dictionary __**Theoretical Probability:**__ number of conducted trials an experiment increases, the relative frequency associated with a particular outcome tends to approach and stabilize at a specific value. This specific value is the theoretical probability. I just want to make sure you understand that we don't conduct the experiments to find this value. It has already been determined. (157)

__**Experimental Probabilities:**__ probabilities of the outcomes associated with an experiment can be estimated by computing the relative frequency of occurence for each of the outcomes over many trials of the experiment. (157)

__**z-score:**__ __total - the mean__ (133) SD Random: When we know the possible outcomes and we can predict long term outcomes, but we don't know what will actually occur at any given point (moment).

_Statistical Measure Terms
 * Range:** the difference between the minimum and maximum values of the data set (Browning, Channell pg. 112).


 * Typical:** data that is the most commonly shown.


 * Outlier:** is a data value that is widely separated from the rest of the data (extreme). Also defined as any number in the data set that is more than 1.5 interquartile ranges above the upper quartile or 1.5 IR below the lower quartile. (Browning, Channell pg. 124)


 * Median:** The median is the middle number in a list of values that are in numerical order.

These aren't complete definitions, but i wanted to jot down some general ideas we have talked about in class w/mean, median and mode. (Feel free to add to them!)


 * __Mode__:** The data that occurs most often.


 * __Median__**: The data that sits in the middle.

__**Mean:**__
 * "evened them out"
 * "equally distributing"
 * "fairly sharing"


 * skewed** to have an oblique direction ; slanting (dictionary.com)
 * Process of Statistical Investigation:** consists of techniques and tools that aid in the collection, organization, summarization, and interpretation of a collection of information referred to as data.


 * Variable** is any characteristic that can be assigned a number or a category. Not to be confused with the outcomes that are assigned to the characteristic. For example, Gender is the variable and Male and Female are the outcomes for that variable.

the number of occurrence in the experiment or the study Repeats the same sequence of values or has the same proportion.
 * Frequency:** how often something occurs/count


 * Categorical data:** is data that takes on categorical designations (Browning, Channell pg. 13). With categorical data you display the frequencies or percents of responses for the various categories (Browning, Channell pg. 14). Frequencies are NOT the data.


 * Real graph:** using the real objects to display the data (developmentally speaking, this type of graph should be the first approach used for young children to graphically display data)..


 * Picture graph:** uses drawings or other pictorial representations of the objects under investigation (or the variable of interest) to represent a count of the objects involved (Browning, Channell pg. 14). used to display categorical data.

consistency in width bars important; bars can or cannot be next to each other with no space; need a scale;
 * Bar graph:** is a graph using the lengths of bars to represent the frequency counts (Browning, Channell pg. 15).


 * Numerical Data:** data measured or identified on a numerical scale. This would be measurement or count variables. It's often summarized by typical values (measures of center) and typical distances from these centers.


 * Line Plot:** a graphic representation in which marks above a number line indicate the frequency of each value.


 * Prompting:** using suggestive language to help students draw conclusions and make predictions regarding the explanation of a data set.


 * Multiple-Bar Graph:** used to make comparisons among different groups with respect to a common variable.


 * Binary Categorical Data:** is represented with data which is displayed as a back-to-back bar graph (only two possible response categories).


 * Stacked Bar Graph:** shows data in a relative or "part-to-whole" perspective where each individual segment represents a particular part and all segments combined make up a whole.


 * Circle Graph:** represents part-to-whole relationships in a natural progression from the stacked-bar graph. The "whole" is represented by a circular region rather than a rectangular one.


 * Percent:** fractional part out of 100 or "chunk of a whole"


 * Relative:** comparing 2 numbers (part to whole)


 * Population**: A localized representative group


 * Sample:** A representative subset of an entire target population. (pg 10)


 * Read Question:** lower level question, it requires the respondent to read information from the table to determine a solution.


 * Derive Question:** a question that requires the use of mathematical concepts and skills to "read between the data" (Browning, Channell. pg 33)


 * Interpret Question:** higher level thinking skills are used to respond to interpret-type questions "requiring an extension, prediction or inference to "read beyond the data".


 * Stem and Leaf Plot:** in statistics, is a devise for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similiar to a historgram.


 * Truncating**: the method of dropping off digits in a stem-and-leaf plot.


 * Histogram**: a graphical display of the information that is found in a grouped frequency table of that data.